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| In this photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, Syrian President Bashar Assad gestures as speaks at the Opera House in central Damascus, Syria, Sunday, Jan. 6, 2013. Syrian President Bashar Assad on Sunday outlined a new peace initiative that includes a national reconciliation conference and a new government and constitution but demanded regional and Western countries stop funding and arming rebels first. |
BEIRUT (AP) -- A defiant Syrian President Bashar Assad rallied a chanting and cheering crowd Sunday to fight the uprising against his authoritarian rule, dismissing any chance of dialogue with "murderous criminals" that he blames for nearly two years of violence that has left 60,000 dead.
In
his first public speech in six months, Assad laid out terms for a peace
plan that keeps himself in power, ignoring international demands to
step down and pledging to continue the battle "as long as there is one
terrorist left" in Syria.
"What we started
will not stop," he said, standing at a lectern on stage at the regal
Opera House in central Damascus - a sign by the besieged leader that he
sees no need to hide or compromise even with the violent
civil war
closing in on his seat of power in the capital.
The
theater was packed with his supporters who interrupted the speech with
applause, cheers and occasional fist-waving chants, including "God,
Bashar and Syria!"
The overtures that Assad
offered - a national reconciliation conference, elections and a new
constitution - were reminiscent of symbolic changes and concessions
offered previously in the uprising that began in March 2011. Those were
rejected at the time as too little, too late.
The
government last year adopted a constitution that theoretically allows
political parties to compete with Assad's ruling Baath Party. It carried
out parliamentary elections that were boycotted by his opponents.
Assad demanded that regional and Western countries must stop funding and arming the rebels trying to overthrow him.
"We
never rejected a political solution ... but with whom should we talk?
With those who have an extremist ideology, who only understand the
language of terrorism? "Or should we with negotiate puppets whom the
West brought?" he asked.
"We negotiate with the master, not with the slave," he answered.
As
in previous speeches and interviews, he clung to the view that the
crisis was a foreign-backed plot and not an uprising against him and his
family's decades-long rule.
"Is this a revolution and are these revolutionaries? By God, I say they are a bunch of criminals," he said.
He
stressed the presence of religious extremists among those fighting in
Syria, calling them "terrorists who carry the ideology of al-Qaida" and
"servants who know nothing but the language of slaughter."
He said the fighters sought to transform the country into a "jihad land."
Although
he put up a defiant front, Assad laid out the grim reality of the
violence, and he spoke in front of a collage of photos of what appeared
to be Syrians killed in the fighting.
"We are
now in a state of war in every sense of the word," Assad said, "a war
that targets Syria using a handful of Syrians and many foreigners. It is
a war to defend the nation."
He said Syria will take advice but not dictates from anyone - a reference to outside powers calling on him to step down.
The
speech, which was denounced by the West, including the U.S. and
Britain, came amid stepped-up international efforts for a peaceful way
out of the Syrian conflict. Previous efforts have failed to stem the
bloodshed.
U.N.-Arab League envoy Lakhdar
Brahimi met Assad last month to push for a peace plan for Syria based on
a plan first presented in June at an international conference in
Geneva. The proposal calls for an open-ended cease-fire and the
formation of a transitional government until new elections can be held
and a new constitution drafted.
The opposition
swiftly rejected Assad's proposals. Those fighting to topple the regime
have repeatedly said they will accept nothing less than his departure,
dismissing any kind of settlement that leaves him in the picture.
"It
is an excellent initiative that is only missing one crucial thing: His
resignation," said Kamal Labwani, a veteran dissident and member of the
opposition's Syrian National Coalition umbrella group.
"All
what he is proposing will happen automatically, but only after he steps
down," Labwani told The Associated Press by telephone from Sweden.
Haitham
Maleh, an opposition figure in Turkey, said Assad was offering the
initiative because he feels increasingly besieged by advancing rebels.
"How could he expect us to converse with a criminal, a killer, a man who does not abide by the law?" he asked.
Assad
has spoken only on rare occasions since the uprising began, and
Sunday's speech was his first since June. His last public comments came
in an interview in November to Russian TV in which he vowed to "live and
die" in Syria.
On Sunday, he seemed equally
confident in the ability of his troops to crush the rebellion despite
the recent fighting in Damascus.
"He did not
come across as a leader under siege, nor as a leader whose regime is on
the verge of collapse," said Fawaz A. Gerges, head of the Middle East
Center at the London School of Economics.
"He
seemed determined that any political settlement must come on his terms,
linking those terms with the Syrian national interest as if they are
inseparable," he said.
U.S. State Department
spokeswoman Victoria Nuland said in a statement that Assad's speech was
"yet another attempt by the regime to cling to power and does nothing to
advance the Syrian people's goal of a political transition."
British
Foreign Secretary William Hague called Assad's speech "beyond
hypocritical." In a message posted on his official Twitter feed, Hague
said "empty promises of reform fool no one."
European
Union foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton's office said in a
statement that the bloc will "look carefully if there is anything new in
the speech, but we maintain our position that Assad has to step aside
and allow for a political transition."
Foreign
Minister Ahmet Davutoglu of Turkey said the speech was filled with
"empty promises" and repetitive pledges of reform by a leader out of
touch with the Syrian people.
"It seems
(Assad) has shut himself in his room, and for months has read
intelligence reports that are presented to him by those trying to win
his favor," Davutoglu told reporters in the Aegean port city of Izmir on
Sunday.
Turkey is a former ally of Damascus,
and while Ankara first backed Assad after the uprising erupted, it
turned against the regime after its violent crackdown on dissent.
Observers
said the speech signaled the violence would continue indefinitely as
long as both sides lacked the ability to score a victory on the
battlefield.
Randa Slim, a research fellow at
the New America Foundation in Washington, said Assad's made clear he has
no intention of making way for a political transition.
"He sees himself rather as an orchestrator and arbiter of a process to be organized under his control," she said.
The
Internet was cut in many parts of Damascus ahead of the address,
apparently for security reasons, and some streets were closed.
At the end of his speech, loyalists shouted: "With our blood and souls we redeem you, Bashar!"
As
he was leaving the hall, supporters pushed forward and swarmed around
him to try to talk to him.
Nervous security guards tried to push them
away.
Many shouted "Shabiha forever!" - referring to the armed regime loyalists whom rebels have blamed for sectarian killings.
Amid the melee, Assad quickly shook hands with some of them and blew kisses to others.
